Division of Himalayas on the basis of rivers
- The geologist named Sydney Burrard divided the Himalayas on the basis of rivers.
- The division of the Himalayas on the basis of rivers by Sydney Burrard is as follows:
- Punjab/Kashmir Himalayas – Between Indus River and Sutlej River
- Kumaon Himalaya – Between Sutlej River and Kali River
- Nepal Himalaya – Between Kali River and Teesta River
- Assam Himalayas – Between Teesta River and Dihang River
- In Arunachal Pradesh, the Brahmaputra is called Dihangal.
- Kali River is a tributary of Ghaghra River.
- There is a temple of Vaishnodevi in the Kashmir Himalayas. Apart from this, the Amarnath cave and the pilgrimage of Muslims, Charar-e-Sharif, are also important pilgrimages under the Kashmir Himalayas.
- Kumaon Himalaya is mainly located in the state of Uttarakhand.
- Important Himalayan peaks in Kumaon Himalaya are Nanda Devi, Comet, Trishul, Badrinath, Kedarnath and Bandarpoonch.
- In Uttarakhand, the Valley of Flowers comes under the Kumaon Himalayas, along with the Doon and Dwar Valley also comes under the Kumaon Himalayas.
- All the high peaks of the Himalayas come under the Nepal Himalayas. Their sequence from west to east is – Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, Everest, Makalu and Kanchenjunga.
- Tiger Hill is located in the state of West Bengal.
- There are four major hills of Arunachal Pradesh. They are named after the names of local tribes. These hills are – Daphla, Miri, Ahor and Mishmi.
- The Dafla, Miri, Ahor and Mishmi hills are part of the Shivalik Himalayas in Arunachal Pradesh.
- The hills situated on the border of India and Myanmar, which come under the Himalayas, are as follows:
- Arunachal Pradesh – Patkoi Bum
- Nagaland – Naga Hills
- Manipur – Lamatol Hills
- Mizoram – Mizo Hills
- Located to the west of the Lamatol hills, the Barail hill is located in the state of Assam.
- The capital of Meghalaya, Shillong and another city Cherrapunji are situated on the Khasi hill.
- The land area of the whole of Meghalaya is raised upwards, this raised land is called the Meghalaya plateau.
- In the state of Meghalaya, the hills of Ngaro, Khasi and Jayanti are located in the direction from west to east. These hills are also named after the names of the local tribes.
- The combined form of the Garo, Khasi and Jaintian hills is called the Koshilong plateau.
- The Shillong plateau is not a part of the Himalayas, as its rocks are different from those of the Himalayas.
- The rocks of the Shillong plateau are similar to the rocks of peninsular India, the northeastern part of the peninsular plateau is called the Chotanagpur plateau.
- There is an extension of a hill in the east direction from the Chotanagpur plateau, which is called ‘Rajmahal’s hill’. The extension of Rajmahal hill is in West Bengal.
- The Rajmahal hills extended as far as Meghalaya in ancient times, but the combined current of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers cut off the northeastern part of the peninsular plateau in Bangladesh and filled the middle ground with soil, forming the plains in Bangladesh.
- Bangladesh is called the country of rivers.
- Pakistan is called the country of canals.
- The land cut by the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers is known as the Rajmahal-Garo gap, after the hill of Rajmahal and the Garo hill.
- The Rajmahal-Garo Gap is also known as the Malda Gap.
- In the north-east of the Shillong plateau, two small hills are found under the state of Assam – Rengma hill and Mikir hill.
- Rengma and Mikir hills are also not Himalayan hills, these hills are also part of Shillong plateau, i.e. Rengma and Mikir hills are part of peninsular Indian plateau.
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